I knew it was only a matter of time before I saw a lawyer crash and burn seeking admission of electronic evidence. Then, I saw it twice.
The first time, in Federal court last week, the evidence was a spreadsheet of filenames and their metadata. The file had been hashed, so it would be quick and easy to authenticate. But the offer was an ugly printout, badly word wrapped and awkwardly straddling many pages.
When the court asked, "Any objection?," the somewhat sheepish reply was, "Yes, your honor, we've never seen this before." and, strictly speaking, that was true. They'd only seen the native file and its rows and columns neatly spread across their LCDs. They conceded it was doubtlessly the same information furnished in native format, but they simply couldn't confirm that from the mish mash presented on paper. To their credit, they offered to withdraw the objection if counsel making the offer would represent that the printout and the evidence produced were one-and-the same, but the court asked the offering attorney to submit the source data. "Don't you have a disk?," the judge asked.
Now, it was the offering attorney's turn to feel sheepish. "No, we received it by e-mail." I could see the wheels in his head turning. The data was the subject of a hard wrought stipulation between experts, and he'd let his guy go. I'm sure he was wondering who could prove it up, and I started thinking I was going to be called as an adverse witness. Ultimately, it came down to a good faith belief that the offering party wasn't pulling a fast one, and the objection was withdrawn. But, a key piece of evidence nearly bit the dust.
This week, in state court, it happened again. I was on the stand testifying as the neutral examiner. Plaintiff's counsel showed me copies of corporate minutes and asked if I'd ever seen them before. I looked at them, saw they were signed and had to say, "No." There was that deer-in-headlights look again. In my forensic examination, I'd only come across the source word processing files. No one had signed those...yet. They hadn't printed the evidence I could authenticate. Once again, the other side let it slide. But, can we always rely on an accomodating opponent? No, I didn't think so.
The lesson: When offering ESI in a form other than as produced--printout, TIFF, transcript or whatever--you'd best furnish the converted form to the other side and afford them an adequate opportunity to compare the two. The other side is no more obliged to accept your printout of a spreadsheet on faith than to accept an uncertified transcript of an audio recording.
Craig Ball
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